医学院校硕士研究生英语听与说教师用书pdf

医学院校硕士研究生英语听与说教师用书 作者：郑守志 , 顾维萍 , 李文斌

医学院校硕士研究生英语听与说教师用书 出版社：中国人民大学出版社

医学院校硕士研究生英语听与说教师用书 内容简介

《医学院校硕士研究生英语听与说教师用书》中每个单元包括两大部分，即A部分和B部分。A部分呼应学生用书中的相应A部分，该部分由练习答案、听力原文以及文化链接等组成，文化链接部分提供了与原文主题相关的信息资源，利于教师备课。B部分呼应学生用书申的相应B部分，由教学设计环节、练习答案以及听力原文等组成，其中教学设计环节包括背景知识介绍、教学目标、教学组织过程等，这些将为教师组织安排医学英语部分教学內容提供详细的参考范本。

医学院校硕士研究生英语听与说教师用书 目录

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Section A Famous Universities in the Wbrid

Section B Immune System and Cancer

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Section A Traveling and Public Transportation

Section B Chronic Kidney Disease

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Section A The Intemet and Websites

Section B Systolic and Diastolic Heart Failure

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Section A Famous People

Section B Hepatitis C

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Section A Movies

Section B AIcoholism

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Section A Health

Section B Aspirin for Prevention of Cardiovascular Events

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Section A Money

Section B Body Fat and Associated Disease Risk

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Section A Job Interview and Work

Section B The Role of Nurses

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Section A Mass Media

Section B Stem Cells

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Section A Housing

Section B Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation

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Section A Music

Section B How to Interview Elderly Patients

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Section A Sports and Games

Section B Breast Cancer

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Section A Friendship

Section B Respiratory Disease

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Section A Environmental Protection

Section B Alzheimer'S Disease

医学院校硕士研究生英语听与说教师用书 精彩文摘

Second Part

Plain abdominal X-ray is particularly useful to look for radio-opaque stones ornephroca lcinosis. Intravenous pyelography is often used to diagnose renal stones. Renal ultrasound is a useful test to screen for hydronephrosis, which may not be observed in early obstruction. Renal radionuclide scan is useful to screen for renal artery stenosis when performed with captopril administration but is unreliable for GFR of less than 30 cc/min. CT scan is useful to better define renal cysts usually noted on ultrasound. Also, it is the most sensitive test for identifying renal stones. IV contrast-enhanced CT scans should be avoided in patients with renal impairment so as to avoid acute renal failure; this risk significantly increases in patients with moderate-to-severe CKD. MRI is very useful in patients who require a CT scan but who cannot receive intravenous contrast. Magnetic resonance angiography also is becoming more useful for diagnosis of renal artery stenosis, although renal arteriography remains the criterion standard.

Treatment of the patients with CKD should focus on: delaying or halting progression of CKD; treating pathologic manifestations of CKD; timely planning for chronic renal replacement therapy.

1. What leads to a progressive decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR)?

2. What is the most common cause of death in the dialysis patients with CKD?

3. What can't be included in the findings from physical examination to the patients with CKD?

4. Who do not experience clinically evident disturbances in water or electrolyte balance?

5. How many stages are mentioned in the passage for the patients with CKD?