THE SCIENCE BOOK pdf

THE SCIENCE BOOK 内容简介

Did the universe originate from the Big Bang? Is light a wave or a particle, or both? Is human being the main cause of global warming? Is there a theory of everything that explains everything? Science is like a beacon. Under its guidance, we are constantly creating advanced technology, expanding new areas of knowledge, understanding the world we live in, and exploring the multiverse in theory.

The language of Encyclopedia of Science is easy to understand, and its explanation is concise and incisive. More importantly, there are few obscure and difficult scientific terms. The book uses charts to decompose complex theories one by one, and quotes classical quotations to impress scientific discoveries on your mind, while interesting illustrations will enhance your in-depth understanding of science.

Whether you have a deep or shallow understanding of science, whether you are a curious student or an enthusiastic researcher, Encyclopedia of Science will give you unexpected inspiration.

THE SCIENCE BOOK 精彩文摘

Human scientific research originated in the Mesopotamia. After the invention of agriculture and literature, people not only have time to devote themselves to research, but also to transmit the results of research to the next generation. Early science originated from people's curiosity about the night sky. In 4000 B.C., Reverend Sumer began to study stars and recorded the results on clay tablets. They left no record of research methods, but a clay version dating back to 1800 B.C., which recorded people's understanding of right triangles at that time.

ancient Greek

Ancient Greeks believed that science was not a subject independent of philosophy. Perhaps the first person to be recognized as a scientist is Taylor of Miledo. Perhaps based on data from Babylon, Taylor predicted an eclipse in 585 B.C., proving the power of scientific methods.

Ancient Greece was not a single country, but composed of many loose city-states. Milidus (now Turkey) gave birth to several famous philosophers. Athens became a place for many early Greek philosophers to learn. Aristotle was one of them. Aristotle was a keen observer, but he never did any experiments. He believed that as long as enough wise people were gathered, truth would emerge. Archimedes, an engineer living in Syracuse, Sicily, explored the nature of liquids. New academic centers emerged in Alexandria, an ancient city at the mouth of the Nile River founded by Alexander the Great in 331 BC. Here, Eradosse measured the size of the earth, Tessibius made precise water clocks, and Hero invented the steam engine. At the same time, the scholars of the Alexandria City Library collected the best books they could find and built the best libraries in the world. Later, after Romans and Christians occupied the city, the library was destroyed by fire.

Science in Asia

In China, science has also experienced prosperity. The Chinese invented gunpowder, then fireworks, rockets and guns, and also made bellows for forging metals. They invented the world's first seismograph and compass. In 1054, Chinese astronomers observed a supernova, which was identified as the Crab Nebula in 1731. In the first millennium AD, India invented some of the most advanced technologies, such as hand spinning wheels. China sent a delegation to India to study farming techniques. Indian mathematicians invented what we now call "Arab" digital systems, including negative numbers and zeros, and defined trigonometric functions such as sines and cosines.

Islamic Golden Age

In the mid-eighth century, the Islamic Abbas Dynasty moved the capital from Damascus to Baghdad. In the Koran, there is a saint: "The ink of a scholar is more sacred than the blood of a martyr". Under the guidance of this hadith, Harifa Harun Rashid established the Palace of Wisdom in the new capital, hoping to make it a library and research center. Scholars collected books from ancient Greek city-states and translated them into Arabic, so many ancient books eventually arrived in the West. But before the Middle Ages, these books were almost unheard of in the West. By the mid-ninth century, the library in Baghdad had created the splendor of the Alexander Library.

Among the scholars inspired by the Palace of Wisdom are several astronomers, the most famous of which is Abdul Rahman Sophie, whose achievements are based on the study of Hippock and Ptolemy. Astronomy is very useful for Arab nomads, and can help them identify directions, especially when they graze camels in the desert at night. Born in Basra and educated in Baghdad, Alha was the first experimental scientist. In terms of importance, his optical works can match Newton's achievements. Arab alchemists invented distillation and other new technologies, and coined new words such as alkali, aldehyde and alcohol. Dr. Lazie invented soap and for the first time distinguished smallpox from measles. He once wrote in a book: "The purpose of a doctor is to do good and treat his enemies equally." Algebra and algorithms were invented by al-Khwarizmi and other mathematicians; Engineer Gazari invented the crank-connecting rod mechanism, which is still in use in today's bicycles and cars. It may take hundreds of years for European scientists to catch up with these achievements in the Islamic world.