英语写作 理论 技巧与实践（下册）pdf

英语写作 理论 技巧与实践（下册） 作者：吴耀武，姚克勤

英语写作 理论 技巧与实践（下册） 出版社：西北工业大学出版社

英语写作 理论 技巧与实践（下册） 内容简介

《英语写作：理论技巧与实践（下册）》分为上、下两册，适用于高等院校英语专业一、二年级学生及非英语专业初学写作的学生、英语爱好者和英语水平相近的自学者。本册主要讲授遣词的原则和方法、句子的类型和写法、段落的整体性、连贯性和展开段落的各种技巧、标点符号的用法等写作的基本知识和技能，辅之以具有针对性和实用性的练习。《英语写作：理论技巧与实践（下册）》的编写思路是写作技能的讲解与实践训练并重，旨在引导学生通过大量的实际操作理解各种写作技巧的实质和作用，逐步掌握运用写作技巧的方法，最终达到熟练地使用写作技巧表达自己的思想感情。

英语写作 理论 技巧与实践（下册） 目录

Chapter One Basic Steps in Writing Process

1. Prewriting
1.1 Choose and narrow your topic

1.2 Brainstorming

2. Writing

2.1 Planning or outlining

2.2 Writing and revising drafts

3. Postwriting

Practice

Chapter Two Outlining

1. Main types of outline

2. The purpose of an outline

3. Outline design

4. Patterns of organization

5. Principles of organization

5.1 Chronological order

5.2 Spatial order

5.3 Climactic order

5.4 Topical order

Practice

Chapter Three The Structure of an Essay

1. Introduction

1.1 Writing an effective thesis statement

1.2 Writing an introductory paragraph

Practice

2. Conclusion

Practice

3. Supporting paragraphs

Chapter Four Descriptive Essay

1. Types of descriptive essay

1.1 Objective description

1.2 Subjective description

2. Writing a descriptive essay

2.1 Introductory paragraph

2.2 Body

2, 3 Conclusion

3, Logical pattern

4. Details in description

5. Useful expressions

Practice

Chapter Five Narrative Essay

1. Characteristics of the narrative

2. Writing a narrative essay

2.1 The introductory paragraph

2.2 Methods for beginning a narrative essay

2.3 Body

2.4 Conclusion

3. Logical pattern

4. Details in narrative essay

5. Transitions in narrative essay

Practice

Chapter Six Exposition

1. Types of exposition

1.1 How——exposition

1.2 What——exposition

2. The purpose of exposition

3. Writing an expository essay

3.1 Illustration essay

Practice

3, 2 Division and classification essay

Practice

3.3 Comparison and contrast essay

Practice

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英语写作 理论 技巧与实践（下册） 精彩文摘

An essay is "a short literary composition on a. particular theme or subject" （ Random House Dictionary）. In Webster s Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary, it is defined as "an analytic or interpretative literary composition usually dealing with its subject from a limitedor personal point of view，something resembling such a composition. " The two dictionaries have told us that basically, an essay is a composition on a certain topic, and with a point of view. It is always analytic or interpretative. It is also called a theme, especially when referring to the students essay.

An essay is written about one topic or one main idea, just as a paragraph is. The mainide a of essay is expressed in a thesis statement, which is much like the topic sentence in a paragraph. However, the topic of an essay is bigger and more complex than that of a paragraph. A well written thesis statement not only pinpoints the main idea or topic, but al so indicates the major subdivisions of the topic. In other words, it tells both the writer and the reader what the essay is driving home, and what major points are planned to help.

Developing a theme fully is no easy work, but you can master the technique if you think of writing as a process with three stages prewriting, writing, and post writing （sometimes known as invention, shaping, and editing）. In practice, the stages always overlap, and the writing process is too recursive, too full of starts and stops and loops backward, to break in to clearly distinguished stages. In other words, the stages do not constitute a linear process which you can follow step by step.